Teenage Cosmetic Surgery - 1868 Words

TEENAGE COSMETIC SURGERY How young should some one be before they are ready to have cosmetic surgery? According to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery reports â€Å"the number of girls eight-teen and younger getting cosmetic surgeries, such as breast augmentations has nearly tripled from 3,872 in the year of 2002 to 11,326 in the year of 2003â€Å" ( Farrell 1 ). The increasing number of teenage girls under twenty having cosmetic surgeries should be aware of the risks, know that their bodies aren’t ready to go under such procedures and that they should not allow the media or low self-esteem influence their decisions. One cause for teens participating in cosmetic surgery is because the media portrays an unreality view of beauty.†¦show more content†¦Many teens idolize a celebrity, which is normal, but wanting to be or look like one is a different subject. Some teens bring in a picture of a celebrity and allow the doctor to show them how they may be able to have features more like the celebrity. Many cosmetic surgeons discourage anyone wanting to look exactly like anyone else. â€Å"This is unrealistic and may indicate a more serious problem like Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). BDD is the inability of an individual to see how they appear.† (Palmer). People who have BDD tend to have a distorted view of themselves meaning they don’t see themselves the ways other people do. These teens believe that cosmetic surgery will solve their physically problems, but looking like some else doesn’t help them figure out who they are. Brown 5 â€Å"One of the concerns about plastic surgery on adolescents is that their bodies are still maturing. In addition to development that may occur in the late teens, growth charts indicate that the average girl gains weight between the ages of 18 and 21, that is likely to change her desire or need for breast augmentations as well as liposuction.† (Zuckerman 1). A teenager’s body may not be fully developed until they reach 18 or maybe even 21. With that said some cosmetic surgeries, not all but most, can interfere with the body’s natural growth. No matter how much a teenager may want breast augmentations, liposuction, or cheekShow MoreRelatedHow Media Has Become A Big Influence For Teenage Cosmetic Surgeries1757 Words   |  8 PagesEver looked at someone and thought how could their nose be so perfect? Or any of their features? According to the AMA Journal of Ethics, â€Å"In recent years, more than 223,000 cosmetic procedures were performed on patients 18 years of age or younger, and almost 39,000 were surgical procedures such as nose reshaping, breast lifts, breast augmentation, liposuction, and tummy tucks.† Among today’s society, outside beauty and staying forever young are the newest trends. Today, a devastating amount of AmericanRead MoreCosmetic Surgery for Teens857 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 223,000 c osmetic surgeries in 2003 on patients who were 18 years old or younger, 39,000 of them were breast augmentation, nose reshaping, and liposuction. Many parents are giving their teenage daughters breast implants for gifts. However, parents and teens do not take into consideration that teens bodies are still developing (Zuckerman, 2005). As the adolescents body grows, body parts that seem to large or too small can become proportionate (Izenberg, 2004). The average teenage girl can gainRead MoreTeenagers Should Never Have Cosmetic Surgery Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesTeenagers Should Never Have Cosmetic Surgery In 2012, over 236,000 teenagers from the ages of 13-19 years old, went under the syringe to have a cosmetic procedure done (Gilbert, Web). Teenagers should never be able to have cosmetic surgeries because of the harmful effects the procedures have. Teenage minds and bodies are not fully developed until they are in their early twenties. Therefore, doctors are unable to fully comprehend the risks these procedures will have on the teenagers, since theirRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : The Plastic Surgery Capital Of The World893 Words   |  4 PagesMany people know that South Korea is known as the plastic surgery capital of the world. Plastic surgery was once a major taboo in Korea, where those who have gotten it done would be looked down upon on by family and friends, but now the pursuit of perfection has made cosmetic surgery much more popular and open to the public. About one in five women in Korea would have some kind of plastic surgery done, and many neighborhoods and subway stations a re lined with advertisements and billboards to promoteRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Teens Under The Knife By Kaitlyn Ali And Tiffany Lam1351 Words   |  6 PagesIn the article entitled Teens Under the Knife written by Kaitlyn Ali and Tiffany Lam readers are informed on the possible risks that are exposed to teens who have cosmetic surgery. Ali and Lam state, There are many risks in plastic surgery, such as permanent numbness, infections, blood clots, and even death (par. 9). The developing bodies of teens are still changing which could lead to altering the effects or future displacement of the surgical procedure. The article states, Because teens Read MoreTeenagers and the Plastic Surgery Epidemic Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagesjust how far is too far? The numbers of teens going through with plastic surgery is startling and will continue to rise as America falls in to a beauty obsessed epidemic. The most drastic method used for mega alterations among teenagers is plastic surgery. There are two types of plastic surgery: reconstructive and cosmetic (Monohan). Reconstructive procedures are carried out in order to correct defects on the body. Cosmetic procedures alter a part of the body that a person is not satisfied withRead MoreSociety s Outlook On Plastic Surgery963 Words   |  4 Pagesplastic surgery has changed throughout the years; it has become something so common that it is no longer looked down upon on. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons â€Å"15.6 million cosmetic procedures, including both minimally-invasive and surgical, were performed in the United States in 2014, an increase of 3 percent since 2013.† and the rates continue to expand as the years go by. There are so many more surgical procedures that can be done compared to when plastic surgeries began backRead MoreEssay on Photo-shopped Lies1050 Words   |  5 Pagesdevastating effects that continue to increase. Photoshop has become increasingly popular to magazine and brand editors, celebrities, and models. This affects the way teens see themselves resulting in drastic measures such as eating disorders, cosmetic surgery, and bullying one another for being different. The first case of an eating disorder recognized medically was in 1873 (â€Å"Key Events†). The eating disorder was anorexia nervosa and was associated with one’s personal physiological factors. In thisRead MoreShould Teens Undergo Plastic Surgery?1565 Words   |  7 PagesShould teens undergo cosmetic surgery? In todays society the picture of beauty is a rail thin super model with the body of a goddess posted on billboards all around the world. Children are brought up playing with Barbie dolls with the body measurements of would be 39, 18, 38. Because of these pictures and other figures of beauties projected all over, today teenagers are convinced to believe that to be beautiful and happy they must look like these images. According to a survey by Bliss MagazineRead MorePlastic Surgery Operations For The Age1337 Words   |  6 Pagesplastic surgery operations for the age group 13-19 in 2012 alone (Penningtons Manches) and surely the rate has increased in the past 4 years. Many people believe that it is up to the child to decide what they do to their bodies but those decisions can negatively affect their overall wellbeing. Understanding that there are certain exceptions, such as it being medically necessary, to this, teenagers under the age of 18 should not be allowed, even with parental co nsent, to get plastic surgery for cosmetic

Abraham Lincolns Beliefs - 1251 Words

Some have said that Abraham Lincolns beliefs are a mystery. He himself has never proclaimed his beliefs but a lot can be determined by his actions and words. Through observation, there have been quite a lot of conclusions to his faith. Some conclusions are: skepticism, deism, Christianity, theism, fatalism, and even atheism. Its an on-going debate for the conclusion to his faith although we wont be able to ever prove exactly what his beliefs were since he never made a profession, there are many facts leading to his belief in a personal savior. Among the conclusions, skepticism is one of many. In his earlier years, he was a known skeptic and he is often remembered as a skeptic because of his earlier quotes (George). Despite his firm belief in God, proved by the references to God and the Bible in the Second Inaugural Address, some say that he was just trying to please the audience even though what he said is not what the people wanted to hear (Calhoun and Morel). Lincoln may have been a skeptic at a young age, but he showed reliance on God later in life. James Smith said that he was inclined to believe that Lincoln was a skeptic but unlike most skeptics, he was a constant reader of the Bible (Lind, 51). He showed no skepticism as the president, he only showed his reliance on God and his unfailing word. Another belief was that Lincoln was a deist. Possibly because he never made a profession of faith and he never officially joined a church but this is not a sound argument.Show MoreRelatedThe Events Leading Up to the Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln1288 Words   |  6 Pagesto the Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln There are men who want to take my life. And I have no doubt they will do it. . . If it is to be done, it is impossible to prevent it. This quote can closely be related to Abraham Lincoln and his assassination. This shows that President Lincoln was committed to his beliefs and traditions. When Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, it was because his killer was an anti-abolitionist, and he did not agree with Lincoln’s ways. He was a strong and intellectualRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : The Great Emancipator1590 Words   |  7 PagesSarmiento 6 Abraham Lincoln: The Great Emancipator During Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, the United States was divided into North and South, who were at war with one another. Recognizing the nation needed a determined leader to guide them into prosperity, Lincoln devised his plan for success. Lincoln’s attempts to preserve the North, while uniting them with the South seemed to be failing as the war continued throughout his first term. Once Lincoln got reelected in 1864, he set out to succeed inRead MoreAbraham Lincoln Was Destined For Greatness757 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the moment of his birth, on February 12th, 1809 in Sinking Springs, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln was destined for greatness. Through a series of both positive and negative events, his life was greatly influenced and shaped by his particular beliefs that would eventually deliver him to his election to the United States presidency in 1860. Perhaps Lincoln s greatest view on a particular belief was that of the issue of slavery. His father, Thomas Lincoln, moved the family from their home in KentuckyRead MoreThe Views On Lincoln s Presidency1738 Words   |  7 PagesHistorian’s Views on Lincoln’s Presidency After reading several historians’ texts regarding Lincoln’s opinions and policies toward slavery, and the unification of a nation as a whole, I distinguished that several authors have contending visions of Lincoln’s actions during his presidency. Some authors (Dirck, Guelzo, Striner) portray Lincoln as the great emancipator in depicting him as a crusader whose main purpose during the Civil War was only to accomplish the abolishment of slavery.Read MoreA Short Analytical Paper of Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"a House Divided†914 Words   |  4 Pagespaper of Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"A House Divided† The House Divided Speech was addressed by Abraham Lincoln on June 1958. He delivered the speech upon his acceptance of Illinois Republican Party’s nomination as the senator of the state. Thus the speech became a very important launching campaign for his success in politics thus giving him a national limelight that saw him in the elections to the presidency in 1860.The speech primarily addressed on the issue of slavery in America. Abraham LincolnRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : Vampire Hunter893 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter The novel Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter was written by Seth Grahame-Smith and published in 2010. In 2012 the movie adaptation was released and made a gross amount of $37,516,013. Both discuss the theme and topic of slavery while telling the story of how Abraham Lincoln discovered, trained, and fought against vampires, who were planning to take over the United States. (â€Å"Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter (2012)†). Abraham Lincoln is known as â€Å"honest Abe†, the 16th presidentRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1117 Words   |  5 PagesTradition† Hofstadter does nothing but criticize different historians. One particular historian he challenges in his writings is Abraham Lincoln. According to Hofstadter, Abraham Lincoln was â€Å"the exemplar of the self-made man,† he was a very humble man that easily pleased the people and easily attained very high political ranking, as well as success and a lot of power. Abraham Lincoln’s flaws as a presid ent were often overlooked because many Americans felt as if he brought to life what is known to be theRead MoreLegacy Of Abraham Lincoln s Legacy Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesLegacy Leader: Abraham Lincoln A legacy leader is someone who has left a positive and lasting impression in society due to his or her leadership qualities and/or traits. Abraham Lincoln is a prime example of a legacy leader due to the leadership traits he displayed throughout his presidency. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States. He exhibited great leadership qualities such as integrity, duty, and selfless service. Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and hisRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1217 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln was born in the year 1809 on February 12th in the town of Hardin County, Kentucky to Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. Growing up Lincoln had no proper education, consequently he read books and educated himself. During Lincoln’s young adult years, he worked a various number of jobs as a shopkeeper, surveyor, and a postmaster. In 1832, Lincoln became a captain of the Hawk War against the Native Americans. Shortly after the war was over, he began his political career and was elected to theRead MoreAbraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address1528 Words   |  6 Pagesmisrepresented in any discussion of the text. The students grossly mischaracterized Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Gettysburg Address â€Å"as a pro-abolitionist tract; they also seemed to think that President Lincoln was some divine martyr for anti-slavery sentiment, and that he was an exemplary person with regards to American identity. They could not be further from the truth. Historical context is paramount to understanding Lincoln’s â€Å"Gettysburg Address†. The text starts off with an appeal to authority with a reference

Religion in the colonies free essay sample

John Calvin had a major influence on the English colonies in America. Calvin was a Frenchmen who broke from the Catholic Church and developed his own form of Christianity. The first Great Awakening begins in the early around 171 5 up to the American Revolution. It is an emotional religious revival. It began in Calvinist churches. The Great Awakening focuses primarily on the idea of the free will. It has a huge impact on the colonies. It causes splits in several religious denominations. It weakens authority by getting people to essentially question, Is a preacher really needed to lead to salvation? It increases the growth In religious freedom. The Quakers arose at the time as well, with George Fox and William . The Quakers believed In the Inner light and that there Is that of God In every man. There Is a light In every person. They supported gender and racial equality and believed that everyone should be treated equally. We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in the colonies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They were persecuted everywhere for their beliefs. The main issue in the Quakers persecutions was that there was a strain toward individualism and diversity demands increasing religious toleration as a basic civil right ND the Quakers challenged every notion of the orthodox community by pressing for religious toleration as a basic civil right. 1 Separatists are considered Calvinist whom settled Plymouth and decided to leave the Church of England. The Puritans stay to purify the church. The Quakers had a very positive outlook on life. Everyone was a child of God in their eyes. Most Europeans saw the Native Americans as savages. However, William held the utmost Quaker perspective. He believed that they should be treated as equals and he admired their language, diet, customs, ND manners, and their overall way of life.The Enlightenment period also arose. It was more so Intellectual and . It is among the elite. It began in the 1500 sand peaks by the 1600 smith international (France), and Isaac Newton (England). They all came up with the natural law. They believe that, There must be a natural law for everything. Dont accept anything on faith. It must be proven with logic, math, etc. They believed that the happiness of mankind could be best advanced through the sole use of reason. 2 The Enlightenment had an interesting impact on religion at the time.It helped to begin atheism, agnosticism, and deism. The deist felt that the duties that were developed by Christianity were no longer needed. The Enlightenment had a major impact on the Founders and their government. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Adams all declared themselves deist at the time. Thomas declared to be an atheist. With this being said, the Divine Right theory was created. It held the argument that the King ruled with divine right because God chose him to. They felt that if one opposes the King, they must oppose God as well.Many people didnt support the Enlightenment idea. John Cotton served as a prime example of those who did not support religious toleration or democracy. To Cotton, the visible church had the task of educating the mass of believers in the spirit of the true religious ideal and the government [shall be] sovereign. 3 He felt that there should be one uniform religion, Puritan, and that God should be the only one to make rules for the Christian people. He believed that a democracy for the church would only make people more inferior to those who were apart of the government. As the colonies began to become less close to their European home front in England and the Church of England, many people began to stray away from the traditional Church of England and Join and even create new dominations. So many changes took place in religion and politics that it emphasizes the fact that, New England was rapidly moving from a state of homogeneous Puritanism to heterogeneous colonialism. 4 The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment played a huge part in the new society and government in the colonies.

The National Incident Management System

How well did they follow NIMS as it relates to area command? The National Incident Management System (NIMS) was made up of two incident management teams namely Type 1 and Type 2. The type 1 attacked the firestorm since it had been mandated to perform both the functional and operational duties. Over 600 firefighting officials were charged with the role of fighting the wild fires over large areas. They were supposed to harness safety issues, conduct and plan operational, fiscal and logistical matters.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The National Incident Management System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This command team made sure that the areas under their mandate were fully covered. The type 1 command teams were also responsible for evacuating affected victims of fire. Community protection in spots that had not been affected by fire incidents was the major role of the Type II command teams. The latter compr ised of firefighting experts of slightly less than five hundred officials. Hence, area command as related to NIMS was adequately followed. How was the Joint Information center managed? The Joint Information Center was positioned at the center of the Multi Agency Coordination Group. Its main roles included dispatching harmonious information to the public, general media control, and information management. The Joint Information Center also made it possible for various media houses to obtain the most updated and latest information regarding the rescue and firefighting processes. The center was also supposed to make sure that the various teams attacking fire from different positions were well coordinated even though there were individual team leaders who were performing the larger part of this duty. In addition, the center was mandated with the role of managing vital information obtained from different agencies taking part in the process. In other words, it played an oversight role on a ll matters regarding the smooth flow of information. This explained why it worked with several agencies at the same time. Was there public information program effective? The public information program was effectively managed bearing in mind that a separate and specialized department referred to as the Joint Information Center was set up with the broad goal of managing information required by the members of the public. The center was managed in such a way that there were public affairs officers working full time in receiving, harmonizing and eventually dispatching information to the media and members of the public. These full time working officers were drawn from emergency agencies within the county and the city. In addition, the wildfire experts and several technical officials were deployed at the information management center in order to assist in processing and dispatching latest news obtained from officers working on the ground. Was there communication plan effective? Did it allo w first responders to be updated on the incident? The firefighters made use of radio communication in order to connect with the rest of the First Responders taking part in the process. At the beginning, the communication plan laid out by the firefighting teams was effective. The various teams were well armed with radio communication gadgets.Advertising Looking for case study on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, massive communication failure was later experienced due to the 800-MHZ radio systems that had been newly acquired. Even though these radio gadgets could be used for communication, they were not compatible with those used by the federal agencies located at the state level. Lack of compatibility meant that the First Responders could not communicate with the federal state officers attached to various emergency departments. This challenge caused serious lack of effective communication among off icials operating the fire engines, ground and air units as well as command and tactical units. Therefore, this communication difficulty did not allow the First Responders to be updated on the progress of the fire incidence. However, the situation was resolved by group leaders who opted to organize their teams through face-to-face meetings instead of relying on the dysfunctional radio gadgets. What types of supporting technologies were used in the incident? The firefighting teams alongside the First Responders used quite a number of supporting technologies during the entre firestorm incidence. For instance, firefighting engines loaded with powerful pressure pipes filled with water were deployed on various fire fronts. These engines were physically manned on the ground although they were keenly coordinated to focus on areas where they could access. The firefighting engines were mostly instrumental in putting off fire within residential areas. Secondly, aerial survey of the affected sp ots was made possible using high speed aircrafts. These aircrafts were used to monitor the progress of the fire incidents across various locations within the forest. Evacuation and rescue procedures as well as quick aerial transport of the affected victims were rapidly facilitated using the aircrafts. These aircrafts were loaded with modern cameras. Finally, radio communication was also employed during the entire process even though major hitches were reported as a result of poor compatibility of the gadgets. Which of the key national planning scenarios would this fall under? This scenario should fall under the planning operations that are usually undertaken by the Federal Management Agency Department. This is the division of the federal government charged with emergency planning across the country. Budgetary allocations and disbursements on all emergency situations are carried out by this department. This case study on The National Incident Management System was written and submitted by user Alonzo Compton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sociolinguistics free essay sample

It is the geographical boundary or delineation of a certain linguistic feature, e. g. the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or use of some syntactic feature. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociolinguistics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Major dialects are typically demarcated by whole bundles of isoglosses, e. g. the Benrath line that distinguishes High German from the other West Germanic languages; or the La Spezia-Rimini Line which divides the Northern Italian dialects from Central ones. One of the most well-known isoglosses is the Centum-Satem isogloss. A major isogloss in American English has been identified as the North-Midland isogloss, which demarcates numerous linguistic features, including the Northern Cities vowel shift, the isogloss separates rather than connects points of equal language. An isogloss refers to a specific type of language border. It is the geographical boundary or delineation of a certain linguistic feature, e. g. the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or use of some syntactic feature. Major dialects are typically demarcated by whole bundles of isoglosses, e. . the Benrath line that distinguishes High German from the other West Germanic languages; or the La Spezia-Rimini Line which divides the Northern Italian dialects from Central ones. One of the most well-known isoglosses is the Centum-Satem isogloss. 1. In DIALECT geography, an area within which a feature is used predominantly or exclusively. Such a feature (phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, lexical, or other) usually contras ts with some similar feature in adjoining areas. Thus, some native speakers of English pronounce /r/ after a vowel, as in barn, hard, car, while others do not: in the US this postvocalic /r/ is normally present in the Chicago area but absent in the Boston area. Such distinct areas are isoglosses. 2. More commonly, the line on a dialect map which bounds the area of a certain usage. In England, an isogloss that stretches from the mouth of the Severn to Portsmouth separates the area of initial spoken /v/ from that of /f/, as in vinger/finger, Vriday/Friday, the v-forms being south-west of the line. No two isoglosses coincide exactly; there is always a transition area of partial overlapping. Social dialect: Another important axis of differentiation is that of social strata. In many localities, dialectal differences are connected with social classes, educational levels, or both. More-highly educated speakers and, often, those belonging to a higher social class tend to use more features belonging to the standard language, whereas the original dialect of the region is better preserved in the speech of the lower and less-educated classes. In large urban centres, innovations unknown in the former dialect of the region frequently develop. Thus, in cities the social stratification of dialects is especially relevant and far-reaching, whereas in rural areas, with a conservative way of life, the traditional geographic dialectal differentiation prevails. Educational differences between speakers strongly affect the extent of their vocabulary. In addition, practically every profession has its own expressions, which include the technical terminology and sometimes also the casual words or idioms peculiar to the group. Slang too is characterized mainly by a specific vocabulary and is much more flexible than an ordinary dialect, as it is subject to fashion and depends strongly on the speaker’s age group. Slang—just as a professional dialect—is used mainly by persons who are in a sense bidialectal; i. e. , they speak some other dialect or the standard language, in addition to slang. Dialectal differences also often run parallel with the religious or racial division of the population. Regional dialect: A speech pattern that alerts the listener that you are from a specific region within the United States. It may include non-standard pronunciation, grammar, resonance, pitch, rate of speech, and differences in vocabulary. A few examples of regional dialects include the New York and Southern American dialects. A regional language is a language spoken in an area of a nation state, whether it be a small area, a federal state or province, or some wider area. Usually applies to the vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation characteristic of specific geographic localities or social classes. The vernacular is the informal everyday language spoken by a people. A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation, the term accent is appropriate, not dialect (although in common usage, dialect and accent are usually synonymous). A regional dialect is not a distinct language but a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country. Some regional dialects have been given traditional names which mark them out as being significantly different from standard varieties spoken in the same place. Some examples are Hillbilly English (from the Appalachians in the USA) and Geordie (from Newcastle upon Tyne in the UK). A standard language (also standard dialect, standardized dialect, or standardised dialect) is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. As it is usually the form promoted in schools and the media, it is usually considered by speakers of the language to be more correct in some sense than other dialects. Usually, but not always, based on the tongue of a capital city, a standard language is defined by the selection of certain regional and class markers, and the rejection of others. This is the version of a language that is typically taught to learners of the language as a foreign language, and most texts written in that language follow its spelling and grammar norms. standard written language is sometimes termed by the German word Schriftsprache A Standard languages arise when a certain dialect begins to be used in written form, normally throughout a broader area than that of the dialect itself. The ways in which this language is used—e. g. , in administrative matters, literature, and economic life—lead to the minimization of linguistic variation. The social prestige attached to the speech of the richest, most powerful, and most highly educated members of a society transforms their language into a model for others; it also contributes to the elimination of deviating linguistic forms. Dictionaries and grammars help to stabilize linguistic norms, as do the activity of scholarly institutions and, sometimes, governmental intervention. The base dialect for a country’s standard language is very often the original dialect of the capital and its environs—in France, Paris; in England, London; in Russia, Moscow. Or the base may be a strong economic and cultural centre—in Italy, Florence. Or the language may be a combination of several regional dialects, as are German and Polish. Even a standard language that was originally based on one local dialect changes, however, as elements of other dialects infiltrate into it over the years. The actual development in any one linguistic area depends on historical events. Sometimes even the distribution of standard languages may not correspond to the dialectal situation. Dutch and Flemish dialects are a part of the Low German dialectal area, which embraces all of northern Germany, as well as The Netherlands and part of Belgium. In one part of the dialectal area, however, the standard language is based on High German, and in the other part the standard language is Dutch or Flemish, depending on the nationality of the respective populations. In the United States, where there is no clearly dominant political or cultural centre—such as London or Paris—and where the territory is enormous, the so-called standard language shows perceptible regional variations in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. All standard languages are in any case spoken in a variety of accents, though sometimes one particular accent (e. g. Received Pronunciation in Britain) may be most closely associated with the standard because of its shared social or educational origins. In most developed countries, the majority of the population has an active (speaking, writing) or at least passive (understanding) command of the standard language. Very often the rural population, and not uncommonly the lower social strata of the urban p opulation as well, are in reality bidialectal. They speak their maternal dialect at home and with friends and acquaintances in casual contacts, and they use the standard language in more formal situations. Even the educated urban population in some regions uses the so-called colloquial language informally. In the German-, Czech-, and Slovene-speaking areas of middle Europe, for example, a basically regional dialect from which the most striking local features have been eliminated is spoken. The use of this type of language is supported by psychological factors, such as feelings of solidarity with a certain region and pride in its traditions or the relaxed mood connected with informal behaviour. . Code-switching is a linguistics term denoting the concurrent use of more than one language, or language variety, in conversation. Multilinguals, people who speak more than one language, sometimes use elements of multiple languages in conversing with each other. Thus, code-switching is the syntactically and phonologically appropriate use of more than one linguistic variety. Code-switching is distinct from other language contact phenomena, such as borrowing, pidgins and creoles, loan translation (calques), and language transfer (language interference). Speakers form and establish a pidgin language when two or more speakers who do not speak a common language form an intermediate, third language. On the other hand, speakers practice code-switching when they are each fluent in both languages. Code mixing is a thematically related term, but the usage of the terms code-switching and code-mixing varies. Some scholars use either term to denote the same practice, while others apply code-mixing to denote the formal linguistic properties of said language-contact phenomena, and code-switching to denote the actual, spoken usages by multilingual persons. In the 1940s and the 1950s many scholars called code-switching a sub-standard language usage. Since the 1980s, however, most scholars have recognized it is a normal, natural product of bilingual and multilingual language use. In popular usage outside the field of linguistics the term code-switching is sometimes used to refer to relatively stable informal mixtures of two languages, such as Spanglish or Franponais, or to refer to dialect or style-shifting, such as that practiced by speakers of African American Vernacular English as they move from less formal to more formal settings. Code-switching refers to alternating between one or more languages or dialects. It also occurs within a particular language. We use different forms of expression depending on the person we are speaking to and where we are speaking to that person. There are different degrees of formality and informality. Many times in English there is more than one way of pronouncing. Some people whose first language is English decide how they are going to speak by the context within which they are speaking. Code-switching is a term in linguistics referring to alternating between one or more languages or dialects. Code-switching is the practice of moving between variations of languages in different contexts. This article explains the history of code-switching, explores important literature on the subject, and discusses approaches to language response in the classroom. Code-switching is the practice of moving between variations of languages in different contexts. Everyone who speaks has learned to code-switch depending on the situation and setting. In an educational context, code-switching is defined as the practice of switching between a primary and a secondary language or discourse. In a diglossic situation, some topics and situations are better suited to one language over another. Joshua Fishman proposes a domain-specific code-switching model (later refined by Blom and Gumperz) wherein bilingual speakers choose which code to speak depending on where they are and what they are discussing. For example, a child who is a bilingual Spanish-English speaker might speak Spanish at home and English in class, but Spanish at recess. Code switching refers to the switching between two or more different languages in a single conversation. This occurs when a bilingual person uses both languages to communicate with another person. It happens consciously as well as sub-consciously. In most cases both the people in the conversation are conversant with both languages. The switch from one language to the other can last for a single phrase to a few sentences. The switch is made mainly due to the mood of the speaker or he/she might feel that a particular part of the conversation can be best conveyed by switching to another language. The switch might also happen because the person does not know the appropriate word or phrase in a particular language. Code switching happens very often in ethnic minority communities in different countries. E. g. It is prevalent in the Indian and Hispanic communities in the United States. Pidgin is often confused with code switching but it differs because it refers to the mixing up of two different languages in a single word. In 1977, Carol Myers-Scotton and William Ury identified code-switching as the â€Å"use of two or more linguistic varieties in the same conversation or interaction. † Scholars use different names for various types of code-switching. Citation needed] Intersentential switching occurs outside the sentence or the clause level (i. e. at sentence or clause boundaries). Intra-sentential switching occurs within a sentence or a clause. Tag-switching is the switching of either a tag phrase or a word, or both, from language-B to language-A, (common intra-sentential switches). Intra-word switching occurs within a word, itself, such as at a morpheme boundary. Patois is any language t hat is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics. It can refer to pidgins, creoles, dialects, and other forms of native or local speech, but not commonly to jargon or slang, which are vocabulary-based forms of cant. Class distinctions are embedded in the term, drawn between those who speak patois and those who speak the standard or dominant language used in literature and public speaking, They are synonymous, but patois implies that it is the dialect of a region or a group (such as thieves), differing in various respects from the standard language of the country. — ORIGIN French, ‘rough speech’. The slang or informal speech used by a particular social

Essay on alcohol and drugs

Essay on alcohol and drugs Essay on alcohol and drugs Drugs & Alcohol Final Paper HDFS 2400 AU 13 Section I The topic that I had most interest in throughout the chapters 1-19 of our assigned text- book, Exploring Lifespan Development Second Edition by Laura E. Berk, was in chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood the section about ‘Substance Abuse.’ This topic is really appealing to me because being a 21-year old female a lot of people around my age, especially being a college student, have done sometime of substance abuse before. It seems to be the â€Å"cool thing† to do on the weekends with an over amount of binge drinking, while casually having a cigarette to keep the ‘tipsy’ feeling alive in the body. According to the textbook, â€Å"As many as 20 percent of U.S. 21- to 25- year olds are substance abusers (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009b)† (Berk p. 348). Substance abuse is the use of marijuana, smoking cigarettes, chewing tobacco and taking stimulants to enhance physical or cognitive performance. Also , binge drinking and experimentation with prescription drugs and â€Å"party drugs† are a common substance abuse among those in early adulthood that can lead to tragic consequences. The most common substance disorders in those years is cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Some tragic consequences from cigarette smoking are deterioration of the retina, skin abnormalities, premature again, hair loss, decline in bone mass and many more extreme consequences. Alcohol consumption is best known for chronic liver disease, but it is also linked to cardiovascular disease, irritation of intestinal tract, inflammation of the pancreas, bone marrow problems and many disorders of the blood and joints. Tragic consequences of substance abuse are a huge increase of the psychological problems that lie with addiction that can lead into abuse in adolescence and adult years. The earlier started for any form of addiction the likelihood of continuing for future years to come. Section II â€Å"Alcohol Addiction† by Pride-Institute.com, states that almost 18 million Americans abuse alcohol. With many types of people and cultures that do abuse alcohol, in the LGBT community research of alcoholism suggests that the abuse and dependence of it occurs higher rates than in the mainstream population. In the LGBT community alcohol abuse occurs more than in the mainstream population. The abuse of alcohol can be the result of much stress and difficulty of dealing with discrimination and heterosexism that many do face who are homosexual. Many who abuse alcohol development a high tolerance for it, which results in the need to drink more to achieve that intoxication or the desired effect. Abuse of alcohol is the continuing to drink all the time, more time spent on drinking and thinking about drinking. Another aspect affected besides the body is the interaction with the real world; important work, family or social activities are more likely to be given up or reduced as a res ult of it. According to Cancer.org, â€Å"Cigarette smoking is the major single cause of cancer mortality in the United States.† Smoking cigarettes are activities that people choose to do, and is the most preventable cause of death in our society. When comparing the many cultures American Indians/Alaska Natives are the highest cultures to abuse cigarette smoking, and about 18% of high school students were smoking cigarettes in 2011. It is said that cigarette smokers die younger than non-smokers, and smoking can harm just about every organ in the body. The causes of diseases are seen as always chronic with bronchitis, heart attacks, strokes and cancer. Smoking can also steal away a person’s quality of life years before death. It limits the person’s daily life with playing, working and even harder to breath. Life expectancy for men and women who do smoke is more likely to die between the ages of 35, and 69 years old for those who have chosen not to smoke. Is there a relationship

Consultant report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consultant report - Assignment Example ive management of time, all necessary activities are most likely to finally come to a halt and thus, result in increasing work stress (Hosseini, Nourbakhsh & Sepasi, 2013). Specifically, in cases of present world business scenarios, time is given a premium priority. In this context, the ‘Pareto Principle’ comes into the picture. This principle was mainly implemented with the intention of improvising the studies related to management principles and techniques (Backhaus, 1980). Multiple managers of big business organizations find this principle very effective in terms of problem identification and controlling the functional factors, which directly or indirectly contribute towards the effective utilization of resources. As per this particular principle, effective allocation of input resources significantly helps in bringing about improvements in the quality of output (Huffstutter & Smith, 1989). There are various other models and theories that have been developed gradually and even chronically in pursuit to manage time more efficiently and minimize the level of stress amid the workforce to the desirable extent (Bickford, 2005). Few of the most prominent theories and models will be assessed in the discussion henceforth, providing effective consulting to the organization involved in offering financial services and functionalities in to a substantial volume of customers. As the organization has been witnessing rising demand from its customers’ end, greater work pressure is burdened over the employees, which in turn increases their stress making it more challenging for them to manage their time efficiently. Hence, this consultation paper will aim at assisting the organization with certain remedial strategies to manage the stress level amid the existing workforce. Time management can be described as a process of effectively managing and scheduling time for successful completion of projects or activities. Depending on the functional complexity of this financial